"Raft" Medusa "" Theodore Gericault
The artist Theodore Gericault, the founder of romanticism in France, became famous for a number of works, and especially the painting “The Jellyfish Raft”. She became no less well-known than…

Continue reading →

Giacomo Manzu - Coast of Truth
Creativity Mantsu is a surprisingly natural synthesis of truth, clarity of artistic ideas and originality of the visual image. His method is truly realistic, but this is realism, say, not…

Continue reading →

Giacomo Manzu - Coast of Truth
Creativity Mantsu is a surprisingly natural synthesis of truth, clarity of artistic ideas and originality of the visual image. His method is truly realistic, but this is realism, say, not…

...

Vincent van Gogh in Holland
In 1879, when the epidemic of typhoid fever and fever in a multitude mowed people, Borinage’s miners marveled at the young lord, who fearlessly avoided the infected shacks, nursing the…

Continue reading →

The Unknown by Ivan Kramskoy
At the end of the 1860s, in the period when the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions was born, a curious incident occurred in the workshop of Artel of artists. He…

...

Egyptian ostracon drawings

In the art of ancient Egypt there are monuments that make up a special group. These are works of graphics – drawings on the boards. The Greek word “ostracon” literally means a shard, a fragment of ceramics. However, in relation to the art of ancient Egypt, it has a more capacious meaning. This word is commonly understood as drawings made not only on fragments of ceramics, but mostly on chipped stone (usually limestone), less commonly wood, that is, on material that was always at hand with masters engaged in decorating the tombs of the Theban necropolis — painting walls , manufacturing of statues and items of funeral inventory.

Most of the ostracons were found in the excavations of the Deir el Medina settlement, where the craftsmen who served the royal necropolis in the Valley of the Kings lived. It was located on the west bank of the Nile opposite the capital Thebes. The Ostrakons found here belong to the end of the New Kingdom (1314–1085 BC), to the XIX – XX dynasties.

Even in ancient times, about IV millennium BC. e., in ancient Egypt, there was a whole system of ideas about the afterlife. The requiem cult found expression in the care of the dead, who, according to the beliefs of the Egyptians, continued to exist in the afterlife. The tomb served as the habitat of the deceased, and therefore its design was given great importance. Tombs and chapels in the temples brightly signed.

The murals of the tombs of kings and court nobles resembled a unfolded papyrus scroll on which magical texts were written, designed to provide the deceased with eternal life in the afterlife. Such texts illustrated drawings with canonized plots.

In addition to traditional motifs, in the era of the new kingdom appear less common. In the reliefs of the temple of Amon in Karnak one can see the full dynamics and expression of “Acrobatic dance” and a peculiar landscape in the so-called “Botanical relief”. Landscape motifs are also found in wall paintings and drawings on islands, the compositions of which abounded in new image techniques: trees with lush and spreading crown were more beautifully interpreted, the outlines of the branches and the trunk were either completely devoid of a conditional stroke, or it was very thin. Coloring becomes more refined, colors richer. In landscape ostracons, date palm trees with monkeys on the branches often appear. Such plots allow us to talk about strengthening contacts with Nubia in the era of the New Kingdom, as the monkeys and date palms were associated among the Egyptians with this country.

Egyptian masters used natural dyes. The color palette of pictures on ostracons is more restrained in comparison with paintings. Most of them are made of brick-red or black paint, or in the traditional range of four colors: black (gray), ocher red, orange, yellow, brown, green (mostly light) and sometimes white. Blue paint was used less frequently.

The Egyptian master, as a rule, subordinated the variety of natural colorful combinations to the established color scale, using the coloring technique. Artists compared colors, adhering to the principle of decorative contrast. They avoided gradation of shades, this could give the composition spatial illusiveness. What the masters saw in reality, they were able to organically transform images into a conditional manner.

Already at an early stage of development of ancient Egyptian art in reliefs and paintings, the motif of a rook with a figure of a seated or standing oarsman, floating among thickets of papyrus and lotus, is becoming popular. This story, associated with the idea of ​​the death of the deceased after death, wore a ritual character. The stems of papyrus served as the boundary between the world of the earth and the otherworldly, and the lotus flowers symbolized the rebirth to eternal life. The image of the rower corresponds to the accepted rules for transferring a figure on a plane with a combination of front and profile elements.

A true masterpiece is the ostracon with the image of an acrobatic dance. In a rush of movement, the flexible acrobat swung back. The moving grace of the figure is emphasized by the falling wig strands. An interesting detail: the earring in the ear, not obeying the movement of the figure, remains to hang motionless.

This kind of convention can be very often observed in ancient Egyptian art, since the artist never sacrifices authenticity for the purity of the silhouette lines.

There are sketches among the ostracons, which, although with reservations, can be attributed to genre compositions. The basis of their direct observations. Such sketches are executed in a fluent, free manner. On a small clay shard a picture of a naked girl was preserved.

Masterpieces of Venetian painting
It is enough to remember the names of Giorgione and Titian, Veronese and Tintoretto, and it becomes clear what a bright and beautiful page in the art of the Renaissance…

...

How did the masters of the Italian Renaissance study
Verrocchio, Mantegna, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo. The greatest geniuses. What bright individuals and how much they differ from each other! What unites the unsurpassed masters of the time, which is…

...

"Denial of confession" by Ilya Repin
The man was brought to execution. After several months of imprisonment, he was pale. Around the roaring crowd. - Villain, crazy! In the king himself shot! - God saved his…

...